Impact of Antibiotic Overuse in Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients
The UN World Health Organization (WHO) recently highlighted the concerning trend of extensive overuse of antibiotics among hospitalised COVID-19 patients during the pandemic. This practice, despite not improving clinical outcomes, poses a significant threat of antimicrobial resistance from “superbugs”.
Unnecessary Antibiotic Use
WHO’s alert revealed that a high percentage of hospitalised COVID-19 patients received antibiotics, even when bacterial infections were not present. The misuse of antibiotics, prescribed on a “just in case” basis, was widespread globally, ranging from 33% in the Western Pacific region to 83% in the Eastern Mediterranean and African regions.
Impact on Clinical Outcomes
Contrary to recommendations, antibiotics were not advised for the treatment of COVID-19 by WHO. The overuse of antibiotics did not show any positive impact on the clinical outcomes of patients. In fact, systematic prescription of antibiotics may lead to harm for individuals without bacterial infections.
Global Trends in Antibiotic Use
Data compiled by WHO indicated varying trends in antibiotic prescriptions across different regions. While Europe and the Americas saw a decrease in antibiotic use between 2020 and 2022, Africa experienced an increase. Most critically ill COVID-19 patients received antibiotics, with the highest usage in Africa at 79%.
Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance
Antimicrobial resistance poses a grave threat to the treatment and prevention of infections caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. The misuse of antibiotics contributes to the emergence of “superbugs” that no longer respond to medicines, leading to severe illness and increased disease spread.
Call for Rational Antibiotic Use
WHO emphasized the importance of rational antibiotic use to minimize the negative consequences on patients and populations. The report underlined the need for improved practices to combat antimicrobial resistance and safeguard public health.